A Priori Journal

The meaning and function of philosophy

Formation of Marxist thought led to the creation of a new form of materialism, dialectics of enriched – the doctrine of development. The principal contribution to the new dialektikomaterialisticheskoe the world was first carried out by Karl Marx spread of materialism in society, in human history. This resulted in a thorough rethinking of the essence, function of philosophy.

Marx valued traditions of philosophical thought. Igo inspired Socratic philosophy as a way of zhizneponimaniya, the ideals of “supreme wisdom” made by representatives of classical philosophy. However, they established the doctrine of the materialistic society has made significant changes and pre-existing understanding. The essence of this change was to consider philosophy as a special form of the public. historical development. This approach differed from the established tradition, although it has retained in all the best of the past. Introduction to filosofiyu. / Frolov I.-M., 1989, pp. 23

What had to be revised in the emerging image of the centuries of philosophy? And historical and philosophical traditions of Marx firmly anchored to the understanding of the philosophical mind as carrier “supreme wisdom” as the supreme intellectual authority, which allows deep understanding of all the existing ones. some of his timeless principles. In light of the new materialistic society, which came to Marx, about the special, sverhistoricheskoy philosophical positions have been fundamentally impossible reason. Any consciousness, including philosophical, appeared as an expression of historical change suppressant life, the integration of the historical process and subject to different influences.

Thinkers. living in certain historical circumstances, it is extremely difficult to overcome their influence. Claims on the absolute position of Marx described as the illusion of professional philosophers and other spiritual work and it seemed elusive idealistic thoughts about the active impact of abstract philosophical thought, as such, in public life, the unequivocal attribution of consciousness of the role of the main engine of history. In traditional philosophy (especially in abstract idealistic teachings), Marx did not meet a considerable gap between the real life of contemporary problems. Potential impact on “Earth case” it is associated with a new type of philosophy, expressing the most advanced social tendencies and an active set “at the service of history.” He came to believe: nadystorichnoe, far from the concrete social practices, abstract philosophical thinking can not think rationally, to understand the real life problems. Introduction to filosofiyu. / Frolov I.-M., 1989, pp. 23

In the abstract, form the philosophy of Marx vneistoricheskoy ueli) ???? symptom of some flawed traditional philosophy of consciousness, which in general he highly appreciated the new ideas about philosophy as an autonomous “realm of the mind” was opposed to a completely different view: the impetus for the theoretical thinking gives life, the practice: philosophy is to understand the experience of the historical development and indicate the way, the ideals, goals based on the analysis of this experience. Thus, the materialistic conception of social development has led Marx to rethink the traditional evaluation of the social role of philosophy, to abandon entrenched in the minds of philosophers inflated claims. It may, however, does not it disparagement of philosophy. Just a new approach has allowed Marx to reveal the essence of the new and the place in the social life of people in history.

In contrast to traditional notions K. Marx and F. Engels include philosophy of complex social and historical subjects, pertaining to the society and not just to nature ‘, to public life, understood as a historical process. The new vision of Marxian philosophy appears thus as a form of socio-historical knowledge. This is especially true for the subject of philosophical reflection. Public consciousness has been understood as an expression of public life. Philosophy, the universal, the most emkoy historical forms of social consciousness, appeared as a special way to reflect the socio-historical existence in its entirety. (Note in this regard that there are still traces of the abstract, vneistoricheskogo approach to philosophy. This is evident, particularly in the emphasis in determining the philosophy of inclusion – to the universal laws, principles, categorical schemes of abstract models of life, whereas in shade is the time constant of a specific historical reality, with life, with current problems of time, times, today.)

In light of this understanding, as proposed earlier description of the person to the world, you can specify the following: people do not put beyond the world, it is – inside, closest to the existence of people serves the public life, their attitude towards nature mediately public existence – work, knowledge, boundaries in system, “people – a society – the nature of” fluid. Frpnkfort G., Wilson G., Jacobsen T. In the philosophy. -M., 1984. S. 39

Philosophy in a new interpretation of her revealed as a generalized concept of society as a whole and its various subsystems – the practice, knowledge, politics, law, morality, art, science, including natural sciences, on the basis of which is largely recreated the scientific and philosophical nature of the picture. The most capacious understanding of the socio-historical life of the people in unity, cooperation, development of all its components is carried out today in the cultural-historical approach. Historical-materialistic understanding of the society has allowed a wide view of philosophy as a phenomenon of culture, to understand its function in a complex set of socio-historical life of people understand the real scope of application, procedure and results of philosophical mirouyasneniya.

Chapter 1. Philosophy in the Philosophy of Culture Options.

philosophy in the culture.

The philosophy of many. Wide, multiple layers of problems, the field of philosophical studies. Meanwhile, various exercises are often one-sidedly focused only certain aspects of this complex phenomenon. For example, focuses on the link “philosophy – the science or philosophy – Religion” in the diversion from the rest of the complex issues. In other cases, the sole and universal object of philosophical interest in transforming the inner world of a person or language, etc. absolutisation, artificial narrowing of birth depleted Images philosophy. Real same philosophical interests are addressed in principle to the whole variety of social and historical experience. Thus, the system of Hegel, a theoretical predecessor, Karl Marx included the philosophy of nature, history, philosophy, politics, law, art, religion, morality, that is covered world of human life and culture in its diversity. Structure of Hegel philosophy largely reflects the concerns of philosophical mirouyasneniya at all. What richer philosophical concept, the wider field of culture made it the subject of philosophical reflection. Schematically it can be represented as “chamomile”, the “petals” – the area of philosophical study of various fields of culture, the number of “petals” may be less (specialized concept) and large (rich, comprehensive concept). Reflecting the openness of the philosophical achievements of world culture, the scheme allows unlimited add bore novyu sections of philosophical world outlook. In Sagatovsky. Universe philosopher. -M., 1971, pp. 76

Historical-materialist approach made it possible to understand the philosophy of the phenomenon of complex, multidimensional, taking into account the entire system of relations in which it manifests itself in the spiritual life of society. This approach is consistent with the real essence of philosophy and at the same time meet the acute needs of the modern in a wide, full mirouyasnenii, which can not be achieved in the way of the narrow specialization of philosophical thought.

Review of philosophy as a cultural and historical events covered the entire dynamic range it will go, relationships, responsibilities. Social life of people with cultural consideration is presented as a single, integrated process involving the formation, operation, storage, transmission of cultural and historical values, with a critical overcoming outdated, and the establishment of new forms of experience with complex systems of multiple manifestations of the correlations of human activity in the various historically specific types of crops. Between B. Culture and History. -M., 1977, pp. 29

Being an effective method of historical research, cultural approach can play a significant role in the development of the theory of some social phenomena, as such, serves as a summary, a compilation of real stories. Concluded that philosophy is based on the understanding of human history, K. Marx had in mind is not a factual description of the historical process, and identification of patterns and trends of history. Accordingly, the philosopher, unlike the historian, seemed to him a theorist, to the special synthesis of historical material and forming at the philosophical and theoretical basis of the world. ???????? T. Problems of History – Philosophy. -M .. 1982, with 98

From a historical point of view, a philosophy – not the primary, the simplest form of consciousness. By the time of the philosophy of mankind has come a long way, accumulated various skills of action, associated knowledge and other experiences. The emergence of philosophy – it is the birth of a special, secondary sludge public consciousness, to develop an understanding of already existing forms of practice, and culture. It is no accident that the philosophy embodied in the way of thinking, but an appeal to all zero of culture, called the critically-reflexive.