A Priori Journal

Philosophy its place and role in human life

Philosophy, if back to the original etymology of this word is “love of Sophia, which is often very roughly translates as” love of wisdom. ” In fact, ancient Greek concept of “Sofia” a much more vast and complex than simply “wisdom.”

Philosophy when it could have had a special status of science. A special form of cognition, such as in antiquity, when it was, in fact, identical to the entire culture of the time. But to the XX century, the century old not previously differentiated knowledge, every question went to its own science – to the logic of whether to linguistics there, whether in physics, the philosophy has remained “their land”. It has lost its former magic effect.

This, of course, it is pointed stance is opposed by the other extreme, ie position that philosophy is not only not ended, “but, rather, almost the same as in antiquity, acquired a synthetic function. This is due to the relevance of the work.
The philosophy for the first time in history, became aware of his true place of the queen of sciences, replacing the long-reigning religion. For the first time she came close to public life, so that was the influence on it, not only indirectly, but direct manner.
And the same philosophy for the first time gained the right to assess and even conflict concerns not only the socio-political, but also economic and even scientific and academic life.
Philosophy has a number of cognitive functions related functions of science.

Objectives of work:

• Consider the object and function of philosophy;
• Describe the stages of a philosophical culture;
• Expand the role of society in the theory of philosophy.
• The subject of work – a place of philosophy in human life
• The object of work – a philosophy – as a science dealing with the problem of socio-political and economic life.
• When you write a paper to employ such authors as: Radugin AA, Rozakov VV, Smirnova NN and others.

1. The place of philosophy in social and cultural
Untutored people sootneset word “philosophy”, primarily with the word “culture” and thus easy catches the relationship of these phenomena. Obviously, the concept of “culture” more broadly. In addition to the philosophy of culture consists of religion, science, art, mythology, politics, etc. Culture is represented in the various products of the material and spiritual activities of man, in a system of norms and institutions, in the spiritual and material values. In addition, the culture – not just the result of human activity, but the activity itself. The concept of “culture” is set contrary way of life of the functioning of animals. Culture – is what distinguishes man from animals. Radugin AA Philosophy: Lectures [text]. – M., 2001.

Culture is the embodiment of human aspirations, experiences and achievements, as well as the failures and disappointments. By creating new cultural values and meanings people overcome their social and natural limitations. On the other hand, the individual can not escape beyond the cultural norms that have been established by previous generations, even if you do not accept them. The only way for man to overcome cultural predetermination – the creation of new meanings and values. That is why the most adequate way of cultural identity – art.

In the universe of spiritual culture is composed of science, philosophy, art, religion, mythology, law, morality. The main components of spiritual culture is also referred to as forms of social consciousness. Each of these forms has its own object, allocated from the general culture of the conglomerate, and its specific way of functioning.

Philosophy is a human life very early, long before they emerge it very first, basic presentation, inspired by random encounters and acquaintances. The philosophy is being implemented in our consciousness unconsciously, whether we want to know her or not.
Each account in any activity that is to compare, compare, summarize, make inferences, synthesize the material. Along the way people and finds a philosophical order, though not even know. Man filosofstvuet, but this is not yet known.

The philosophy of all our problems come from life. But the philosophical thinking is always striving to overcome already know, some, seeking to look beyond the horizon of the known. Philosophy exists on the border of the possible and impossible, razdvigaya limits of science and life experience in a particular era. That is why all the philosophical questions go beyond the empirical world, are usually identifiable with the universe of simple facts. Philosophical knowledge is knowledge of the facts. In addition, the philosophy of reflection not of its own natural and social reality and its reflection in other cultural forms: science, religion, art, etc. That is why philosophy can not be directly correlated with the everyday, empirical reality.

1.1. Subject Philosophy
The object of philosophy are the general context in the system “man – the world” philosophy – it is a rational-theoretical reflection on these linkages. In nature, culture or philosophy is a universal interest, which is related to the rights, including in the orbit of his life, prelomleno through the prism of his notions of good and evil, beauty and ugliness, truth and error [6, S.65].

During the development of the philosophy of the subject changed. It can be said that each era had its own answer to this question. Yes, and in one historical era may exist different versions of this response. For example, the Greek philosopher Socrates was the greatest philosophy of art – the art of self. A student of Socrates Plato felt philosophy of the current knowledge of the truth of existence, ie world of ideas, which he contrasted the world of matter (nothingness) and the world of empirical things. Philosophy, for Plato’s thought is the reflection, preparing people to death. Aristotle believed the philosophy of science, studying the root of things, and called her Mrs. Sciences. The term “metaphysics” was first used in antiquity by researchers and interpreters of Aristotle’s texts as a synonym for the word “philosophy”. For Antiquity generally characterized by an understanding of philosophy as the mother of all sciences. The philosophy of the Greeks called the whole conglomeration of theoretical knowledge, opposing his myth on the one hand, and everyday knowledge – on the other. Philosophy [text], ed. Nadolnogo ?.?. – M., 2003.
In the Middle Ages philosophy advocated a servant of theology and served as an additional tool in theological disputes. In the Renaissance philosophy of emancipation happens theology. Thinkers of that time as well as Greeks, any theoretical knowledge referred to as philosophical. New time set philosophy as the science of sciences, combining this concept is not only theoretical, but also some kinds of empirical knowledge. Thus, F. Bacon within the philosophy of natural theology, natural philosophy and teachings of man and the philosophy of R. Descartes liken tree, the roots of which – metaphysics, trunk – physics, and branches – all the other sciences. Despite the difference of positions common to all philosophers of the XVII century. remains to relate the philosophy of mind to know.

Broad understanding of the philosophy and associate it with the full range of knowledge and stored during the XVIII century. In the second half of XVIII – early XIX century. a gradual comprehension of the fact that if the philosophy and is a science, it should be a universal science, the science of the universal. In the XIX century. philosophical knowledge as knowledge of the universal start oppose specific scientific knowledge of the private sector. Thus, G. Hegel calls the philosophy of science queen. Philosophy for him is the science of the universal, existing in the field of pure thought, or the science of the mind, figure out the most sebya.I. Kant defines the object of philosophical study as follows: transcendental wisdom, and its borders. Philosophy, in his opinion, should be the teachings of the past to the human mind.
XX century. offered a great variety of interpretations of the philosophical study.
Summing up, it must be said that with all the diversity of interpretations of the philosophy remains one important detail: the philosophy is always a sound knowledge of the universal, but the generality is not uniformly understood and is found in different areas.
1.2. The main function of philosophy

The main function of philosophy is philosophical. As the theoretical core of philosophy, philosophy of meanings limits the grounds of culture, setting the frame of everyday human activities. That is why philosophy is sometimes called self-culture.
From the ideological functions should be synthetic. Philosophy is the essence of the basic ideas and values of one or another historical era, bringing in a sense a variety of forms of culture. Philosophy represents a form of spiritual culture, which is the integrator of all the other forms [3, P.111].
Another important function of philosophy is critical. Through reflections on the limits on the grounds of culture, philosophy, questions the ideas and meanings that are no longer up to date and relevant. We can say that cultural progress is possible only because man is capable of questioning the established rules and looking for familiar ground. Sorokin, P. Man, Civilization Society [text]. – M., 2002